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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 35(2): 164-175, abr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959426

ABSTRACT

Resumen El pegivirus humano (HPgV) es un virus ARN que fue identificado en el año 1995. Actualmente se encuentra clasificado dentro de la familia Flaviviridae, género Pegivirus, relacionado filogenéticamente con el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC). El HPgV es un virus linfotrópico, con replicación en médula ósea, tejidos linfoides, y en células mononucleares de sangre periférica. Este virus se transmite por vía parenteral y sexual. Según estimaciones realizadas, en el mundo existen alrededor de 750 millones de personas infectadas por este agente. Se ha evidenciado que hasta en 25% de los casos se presenta una infección persistente, y aunque se considera que el HPgV es un virus no patogénico, existen evidencias epidemiológicas que sugieren una relación con el desarrollo de desórdenes linfoproliferativos, particularmente linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH). Algunos estudios han reportado una alta prevalencia de HPgV en pacientes con LNH comparado con donantes de sangre y/o pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas no malignas, lo que se asocia a un incremento en el riesgo relativo para el desarrollo de LNH en personas infectadas. De otra parte, existen estudios epidemiológicos que contradicen esta asociación, por lo que el rol de HPgV en la aparición de desórdenes lifoproliferativos es un tema actual de debate. En el presente manuscrito se discute el potencial patogénico derivado de los mecanismos de infección persistente del HPgV, así como las principales evidencias sobre la relación entre el HPgV y el riesgo de desarrollo de LNH.


The human pegivirus (HPgV), classified in the Flaviviridae family - Pegivirus genus, is an RNA virus identified in 1995. HPgV is a lymphotrophic virus, with replication sites in bone marrow and lymphoid tissue, as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Transmission is through sexual and parenteral routes, and recent estimations suggest nearly 750 million people are infected with HPgV worldwide. Almost 25% of infected individuals can develop persistent infection. Until now, HPgV has been considered a non-pathogenic virus; however, epidemiological studies suggest a potential role in lymphoproliferative diseases, particularly in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The evidence of this is controversial and the role of HPgV in lymphomagenesis has not yet been demonstrated. Several studies report a high prevalence of HPgV infection in patients with NHL compared to controls and patients with other hematological diseases. Therefore, analytic studies show that HPgV could be related to an increased risk of NHL development. Conversely, other studies indicate no association between HPgV and NHL, so the role of HPgV in lymphomagenesis is not clear. This review summarizes the main findings related to HPgV's pathogenic potential and association with NHL.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/virology , Flaviviridae Infections/complications , Flaviviridae Infections/virology , Flaviviridae/pathogenicity , Phylogeny , Risk Factors , Flaviviridae/isolation & purification , Flaviviridae/classification , Flaviviridae/genetics
2.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 11(3): 228-32, 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-282254

ABSTRACT

Desde 1990 se han descrito nuevos virus responsables de hepatitis que hasta ese momento eran catalogadas como No A- No B. El virus de la hepatitis E fue descrito como virus transmisión entérica responsable de brotes epidémicos en Asia y México, documentados retrospectivamente. Es un virus RNA, de la familia Caliciviridae, que produce un cuadro similar al virus de la hepatitis A y no produce infección ni partación crónica. Posterior a 1995 se han identificado por técnicas de genéticas molecular nuevos virus, teóricamente responsables de hepatitis post-transfuncional como el virus de la hepatitis G y el virus TT, pero aún no existe certeza de su verdadero rol patogénico


Subject(s)
Humans , Flaviviridae/isolation & purification , Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification , Flaviviridae/pathogenicity , Hepatitis E virus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis E/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis , Signs and Symptoms , Blood Transfusion/adverse effects , Disease Transmission, Infectious
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(10): 1161-3, oct. 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-255296

ABSTRACT

A great progress in the knowledge about hepatitis virus has occurred in the last decades and several virus have been identified. Virus B, C and D are transmitted parenterally, while virus A and E use the enteral route. Highly effective vaccines for A and B hepatitis are presently available. Virus C is an important cause of chronic liver disease at the present moment. Since the identification of virus C and E, the number of acute hepatitis denominated as non A non B has decreased considerable. Although there are still patients with viral hepatitis of unknown origin and there is considerable effort to identify the agents causing them. Virus G and TT are frequently present in the sera of patients with chronic liver diseases but their real pathogenic role is not completely elucidated


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology , Hepatitis Viruses/classification , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification , Flaviviridae/isolation & purification , Hepatovirus/isolation & purification , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/classification , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
4.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 15(3): 328-33, mayo-jun. 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-274788

ABSTRACT

La búsqueda de nuevos agentes capaces de producir inflamación hepática ha avanzado notablemente en los últimos años. Recientenmente se reportó el aislamiento de dos nuevos virus mediante las técnicas de Biología Molecular, los cuales han resultado ser aislados idénticos de un mismo virus, cuyas características estructurales permiten incluirlo dentro de la familia Flavivirus. Existe discrepancia en los criterios sobre si este agente es capaz o no de causar hepatitis. Se plantea como principal vía de transmisión la parenteral, aunque no se descarta la propagación sexual o tal vez de paciente a paciente. Dada la poca capacidad del virus para inducir una respuesta inmune no ha sido posible hasta ahora obtener un ensayo serológico suficientemente seguro, y hasta tanto eso no ocurra serán difíciles los estudios epidemiológicos a gran escala


Subject(s)
Humans , Flaviviridae/isolation & purification , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology
7.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-33176

ABSTRACT

Regarding the newly discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV), little is known about its relation to the cause and clinical significance of acute and chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lacking a reliable serum immunoassay, the only method available for detecting the viral RNA in patients consists of the rather costly and time consuming RT-PCR. HGV has a worldwide distribution with up to 5% voluntary and 12.9% commercial blood donors infected, yet it appears to be asymptomatic. Moreover, HGV is frequently found as a coinfection with HCV or, to a lesser extent, HBV with symptoms tending to follow the patterns known for HCV or HBV infection, respectively. Being a blood-borne virus, it is most prevalent among members of high risk groups, such as IVDUs, patients on hemodialysis, recipients of blood and blood products and patients infected with HCV, HBV, or HIV, HGV can be parenterally, vertically, or sexually transmitted and after prolonged exposure, the virus may be eliminated by the patient's immune response. As yet, no unambiguous evidence exists regarding HGV's role in causing acute or chronic liver disease and, apart from a few isolated reports to the contrary, the infections appear rather mild. Therefore, more studies are required before a decision can be made whether to routinely screen blood donors for the presence of HGV RNA.


Subject(s)
Flaviviridae/isolation & purification , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/complications , Humans , Mass Screening/economics , Thailand/epidemiology
8.
Salvador; s.n; 1997. vii,123 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-222158

ABSTRACT

Introduçäo: O recente conhecimento das novas viroses hepatotrópicas, estimula o entendimento da história natural da hepatite induzida por estes agentes. Objetivos: Este estudo objetivou a investigaçäo clínica, bioquímica e sorológica, assim como a etiologia dos casos de hepatite aguda viral Näo-A Näo-B acompanhados num Centro de Referência para Doenças Hepáticas em Salvador-Bahia. Populaçäo e Métodos: Entre Julho/92 e Outubro/94, 147 pacientes com quadro clínico-laboratorial de hepatite aguda viral foram avaliados no Serviço de Gastro-Hepatologia. A suspeita de hepatite aguada viral se deu pelos achados clínicos clássicos da doença, assim como pela elevaçäo da ALT superior a quatro vezes o limite máximo da normalidade. O VHA e VHB foram investigados através da determinaçäo de anti-VHA IgM, anti-HBc IgM, AgHBs. Nos casos negativos para esses marcadores segui-se a determinaçäo do anti-CMV IgM, anti-EBV IgM, anti-VHC, anti-VHE. O VHC-RNA por PCR foi realizado em todos os pacientes com hepatite Näo-A Näo-B e o VHG-RNA por PCR foi realizado nos pacientes negativos para o VHC-RNA. Resultados: Dos 147 pacientes estudados, 53 (36, 6 porcento) foram relacionados ao VHA, 51 (34,7 porcento) ao VHB, 13 (8,8 porcento) ao VHC, 5 (3,4 porcento) ao VHE, e 25 (17 porcento) foram soro-negativos para todos os marcadores supracitados, (VHX). Nenhum desses pacientes foi positivo para EBV e CMV. No total, 43 pacientes foram considerados como hepatite aguda Näo-A Näo-B, sendo 5/43 (11,6 porcento) pelo VHE, 13/43 (30,1 porcento) pelo VHC, e 25/43 (58,1 porcento) pelo VHX. Na "coorte" montada a partir do diagnóstico de hepatite Näo-A Näo-B, observamos que os 5 casos como soro-positividade para o VHE resolveram sua doença nos primeiros seis meses de acompanhamento. Nos pacientes com etiologia pelo VHC, 53,8 pocento (7/13) normalizaram ALT nos primeiros seis meses de acompanhamento, persistindo alteraçöes ALT em 46,2 porcento (6/13). O VHC-RNA permaneceu positivo após 6 meses de acompanhamento em 69,2 porcento (9/13) pacientes sugerindo cronificaçäo do processo independente dos valores de ALT. Dos 4 pacientes que normalizaramm aminotransferases e negativaram VHC-RNA, o acompanhamento a longo prazo mostrou que em dois deles houve reaparecimento do VHC-RNA, sugerindo reativaçäo do processo viral em falência...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis C/virology , Hepatitis Delta Virus , Hepatitis E virus , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis , Flaviviridae/isolation & purification , Information Services , Longitudinal Studies , Biomarkers , Natural History of Diseases
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